

In most of Europe, including almost every big city, you can survive with English, and learn the local language after you arrive. It will be a hard blocker if you are looking for teaching position though.
One thing you don’t mention that would be important to figure out which countries would be a good fit for you is how important (or not) is to have access to a thriving Jewish community for you.
France, UK, and Germany have the biggest communities (100k plus). Of this France has the biggest (440k and 2.8% of the population), but at least my perception is that it’s also the unsafest country in western Europe for Jewish people right now - I would advice you reaching out to Jewish organisations in Europe to get an accurate picture on this point.
Hungary comes next, but I wouldn’t recommend the country to anyone that self defines as liberal or progressive.
I think Netherlands and Belgium also have relatively big communities in the big cities.
I think all European countries have synagogue, but some have pretty small communities.