I remember when I was first learning about settler colonialism, I thought to myself: “Huh, this sounds like Taiwan and Israel” My instincts were correct on Israel, but I never looked too deeply into Taiwan. The fact that the Kuomintang displaced the Austronesian natives is a pretty strong indicator, but is Taiwan really a settler colonial state or are my intuitions wrong?
Picts in the Netherlands…
We don’t know who lived in the Netherlands before germanics moved in (this isn’t settler colonialism btw) but in the south did live germanic-celtic mixed cultures.
The Picts and the Basques were in Europe longer than any other ethnic groups we’re aware of and the fact that Pictish is the closest anyone’s found to a related language to Euskara, their ancestors were both evidently spread much further than just Navarre and Northern Britain. If you want to guess what culture was there before the Germans and Celts moved in, it’s likely from that language family.
The theory of Picts being related to the basques and speaking a non-Indo-European language is no longer widely supported in academia. It was likely a different branch of the Celtic language family.
And if anything I would presume a Tyrsenian peoples related to the etruscans and rhaetians lived in pre-celtic/germanic central europe.